This paper includes a novice technique for locating single line to ground fault in electrical transmission network. Validation of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated using MATLAB Simulink. Simpower system tool box is used for the modeling of smart meter, transmission lines and single line to ground fault (1L-G). A novel method is proposed to countercheck whether the fault has occurred really or not. Data related to 1l-G fault has been collected at 220kV Lonikand substation and analyzed exclusively during the visit at Kalkitech (top manufacturing company of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) in Bangalore, Karnataka, India). Effect of harmonics on fault current measurement using smart meter is elaborated. Advancements in communication technology are illustrated from asset management perspective.

In this paper, by using Monte Carlo simulation of MCNPX software, the design and optimization of the dimensions and distances between the plastic scintillation detectors used in the gamma ray portal monitor in order to build based on these optimized dimensions It can be. The test and performance evaluation steps of the gamma ray portal monitor based on the radiation acceptance test section of the INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION standard No. (IEC) 62244:2024 including the false alarm test, the background effects test (on the performance of the detectors), the gamma radiation detection test and the out-of-range response test is accepted. The results of the conducted evaluation tests confirm the compliance of this portal monitor with the (IEC) 62244 standard. Based on this, it can be concluded that the design, simulation and placement of the detectors have been done with sufficient accuracy and are approved. Also, the minimum detectable activity of the device for the 60Co source was equal to 0.7 microcurie activity and for the 137Cs source equal to 1.5 microcurie activity at 1 meter with a discrimination level of ±2.7σ, which is comparable to the available commercial monitors.

In the modern electrical grid, accuracy and speed of fault clearance are the major challenges which need to be addressed. This paper covers a case study of fault location techniques in electrical transmission network, using numeric relay and offline fault locator. Healthiness of electrical transmission line is ensured using line signature analyzer. Comparative study of online and offline fault location in electrical transmission network has been carried out and the inferences are drawn. On the basis data available it can be said that the frequency of occurrence of single line to ground fault is maximum (about 75%) among various types of faults. Data at 220 kV and 132 kV substations has been collected and analyzed, keeping focus on single line to ground fault. Architecture of Substation Automation System (SAS) using single communication technology based on (IEC) 61850-8 and (IEC) 61850-9 is explained. Proposed architecture consisting of numeric meter with Java Compilation Unit (JCU) and Ethernet switch standardized as per (IEC) 61850 is demonstrated. The Java source code to send indications to output port of numeric meter is included.

Information security is one of the effective factors in protecting and using digital libraries which can help improve the status of these libraries. This research reviews the accessibility to information security of digital libraries in digital libraries of Qom city. In this study, definitions of digital libraries include libraries based on their mission and using experts, organize digital documents and provide them to members in the form of information services. This study is a survey and research community was both public and academic digital libraries (including 5 libraries) in Qom city. Data collection tool is a questionnaire based on the standard ISO/ (IEC) 27002 which is an information security standard developed by the INTERNATIONAL organization for standardization (ISO) and INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ((IEC)). The results of this study indicate that the average information security among digital libraries in Qom city is estimated to be 0. 801, which considering the research evaluation method, it can be said that it has a strong level of information security. The development of information systems to provide effective services in digital libraries has played an effective role. There is also a significant relationship between different indicators of information security in digital libraries of Qom city. Weaknesses and strengths of digital libraries in Qom city, respectively, include physical and environmental security as a weakness and business continuity management has been introduced as a strength. Utilizing passive defense, participation of security groups to prevent hackers, identifying security gaps, training specialized forces and having an executive plan for information security are among the suggestions of this research. Finally, it must be stated that information security is at a high level in libraries in Qom city.